Starch Hydrolysis by Amylase | Experiment

Starch Hydrolysis by Amylase | Experiment Polysaccharides are polymers of carbohydrates. They are made up from monosaccharides which are linked together by glycosidic bonds. Polysaccharides are divided into two main groups: structural polysaccharides and polysaccharides which are used as energy sources. Cellulose and chitin are classified as structural polysaccharides. Cellulose is major component of plant cell walls. It yields glucose when completely hydrolyzed. On the other hand Glycogen and starch are the polysaccharides which used as energy source; glycogen is found in animal cells and starch is found in plant cells. Plants use starch to use it to store glucose units for energy. It consists of two types of molecules: the linear and helical amylose and the branched amylopectin. Starch generally contains 20 to 25% amylose and 75 to 80% amylopectin. Amylose forms a colloidal dispersion in hot water whereas amylopectin is completely insoluble. 2.2) Hydrolysis of starch/amylase enzyme: Proteins which catalyze the chemical reactions are called enzymes. Biological catalyzes, enzymes, need specific conditions to be active since they are working in the cells. Temperature must be between 37 and 40 and ph must be neutral. An important metabolic enzyme is amylase that its function is to catalyze the hydrolysis of starch into glucose. Alpha-amylases are found in plants and in animals. Human saliva is rich in amylase, and the pancreas also secretes the enzyme. SUBSTRATE  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ENZYME  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   PRODUCTS starch  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Amylase   ->  Ã‚   maltose + maltose + maltose starchs presence can be identified by using the iodine test. Starch and iodine gives blu-black color together and that helps to identify the presence of starch or iodine. The iodine molecule slips inside of the amylose coil. Iodine is not very soluble in water so the iodine reagent is made by dissolving iodine in water in the presence of potassium iodide. This makes a linear triiodide ion complex and this linear complex can easily slip into the coil of the starch. This forms the color. [3] starch + I2 à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   blue-black color 2.3) Spectrophotometry: A spectrophotometer is used to find the amount of radiant energy absorbed or transmitted by molecules in a solution as a function of wavelength. The wavelength which a certain molecule can absorb energy is different and therefore it can be used to determine the concentration of a specific type of solution. By comparing the amount of light that is absorbed by the sample with known concentration a calibration curve can be plotted and by using it concentration of the unknown sample can be determined. [5] 3) EQUIPMENT AND CHEMICALS 3.1) equipments: Beaker Laboratory scale Weighing dish Spatulas Tubes Tube rack Heater Water bath Plastic cuvettes Pipettes Dropper pH meter 3.2) chemicals: Distilled Water HCl NaCl KH2PO4 Na2HPO4 Starch solution Human salivary Iodine reagent 4) PROCEDURE 4.1) preparation of starch solution and enzyme solution: 20 g of potato starch was mixed with approximately 50 ml cold water. This mixture was then added to 900 ml of boiling water. Mixture was mixed well and it was cooled to room temperature and the total volume was raised to 1 ml by adding sufficient amount of water. Presence of the starch in the solution was tested by putting one drop from the mixture to glass plate and adding one drop of iodine reagent to it. Blue color means starch is present. Saliva sample was taken into tube and diluted with 9 ml water then, 60 ml of 0.5% NaCl was added. 4.2) Effect of the pH: 0.1 M KH2PO4 with pH 5, 6, 7 and Na2HPO4 with pH 8, 9 solutions were prepared as buffers, each buffer was prepared 20 ml only the buffer with 7 pH was prepared 100 ml. 5 test tubes were labeled and to each of them 5ml of the starch solution was put and to each test tube solution with different pH was added. 1 ml of the salivary enzyme solution was added to the tubes and it was mixed by shaking. it was waited for 10 minutes so that the hydrolysis reaction can proceed. 5 ml of HCl solution was added to 5 different tubes and from each of the previous tubes with the starch solution 0.5 ml was taken and added to tubes with HCl. 5 tubes were prepared again for 5 ml of iodine solution this time. From the tubes with HCl 0.5 ml was taken and added to the tubes with iodine. Absorbance values were measured by using spectrophotometer. 4.3) Effect of temperature: Water baths with 30  °C, 50  °C, 70  °C and 90  °C were prepared in beakers. Buffer solution with pH 7 was added to 5 tubes and 5 ml of starch solution was added to these tubes. All of these tubes were put in different water bath with different temperatures and they were waited in the bath until the temperatures reached the equilibrium. 1 ml of salivary enzyme was added to each tube. After 10 minutes the steps 4-7 in the effect of pH procedure were repeated. 5) DISCUSSION In this experiment our purpose was to hydrolyze starch with amylase enzyme and observe the effect of pH and temperature on this reaction. Before observing the pH and temperature effect first we prepared the solutions that we were going to use in the experiment. First we prepared the starch solution by mixing it first with cold water and then adding it into boiling water. We aimed to get the starch suspension form immediately and without any lumps by this procedure. In the first part of the experiment we observed the pH effect. To do that first we needed to prepare the buffer solutions with different ph values ranging between 5 and 9. We used two different solutions because of the buffering capacity of these two solutions. We made the arrangement of the pH by using HCl and NaOH. To decrease the pH we added HCl and to increase we added NaOH, we detected the pH by using pH meter. Each buffer with different pH values were mixed with starch solution and then salivary solution was added. W hich is the amylase enzyme and since its from the saliva it hydrolyzes amylose. After waiting for 10 minutes to reaction proceed we needed to stop the reaction, we did it by adding HCl. Then we added iodine solution to detect whether reaction took place or not since if enzyme functions starch in the solution will be hydrolyzed and this will lead to have light color of the solution; absorbance will be low. Since our body is in neutral pH we expect to have light colored solution at pH 7 and dark color at pH 5, 8 and 9. The same logic is valid for the temperature effect. The enzyme wont work in higher temperature values that can denature it like 90, 70 and maybe 50. Proteins absorbance values are expected to increase as the protein denaturizes. This can be explained by the surface of reflection of the light is increased. Denaturized form of protein has higher possibility to be interacted with the light from the spectrophotometer and thus absorbance will increase. Theoretically we would expect to have both absorbance vs. pH and absorbance vs. temperature graphs to have a min. point where we can say that is the point absorbance is in the min. point at that pH or temperature thus enzyme functions best at that point. In our graphs from the experiment we can observe these min values at approximately expected values. When we look at the temperature graph we see that absorbance is min at around 50 C. normally we would expect that proteins denaturize at that temperature, since human body is 37 °C min absorbance at 40 °C would be the correct result. This error might be because of that we didnt measured our test tubes temperatures after we put them in water bath, So maybe what we refer to as 50 °C in the data table is actually less than that value.

February Action †creative writing Essay

So, after my great holidays, back to reality. In this case, it meant moving flats. I moved out of my friends’ flat and in with two Mexican siblings, girl (spoilt acting student) and boy (pain in the ass lawyer student). (The statements in this part are highly influenced by later experiences with the two people, I got along with them and their family fine. ) And when I moved I found the flat under water. So the first thing I did was spend hours soaking towels. Apart from that the two were always nice to me, the guy was almost never there and the girl went home on weekends, so I had the place to myself a lot, which was great. The flat was on the ground floor, so despite great sunny weather outside, I lived in freezing conditions. But it was well-located for work and social life. My room consisted of a bed and a built in cupboard (already provided) and a very useful box (which I found on the street and stayed with me until I moved out). I started working too†¦ giving English classes in the Bank of Mexico, some 20 hours a week, all 1-1 classes with mostly enjoyable students. As I had already found a football team, it meant I had found friends who took me out, to the cinema and every sunday the PUMAS (one of the local teams) game was a must. I was introduced to the stadium, the anthem (!!!! ) and the during match entertainment (beer and crisps) and the after match entertainment (more beer, discussion of game, and strange activities like having electric shocks outside of the stadium). Although not completely my description of a great time, it was good fun nevertheless. I otherwise spent quite lazy weekends, enjoying the company of my friend Itziar and playing football. At the end of February, the football girls had a huge party, which was great great fun, a lovely, welcoming group of girls who know how to party. There I became better friends with a lot of them, which was very nice. The party was full of good food, dancing, dancing and dancing and when it ended, we decided to go to a friends’ house to continue the party, but we all ended up falling asleep there. So some good weekend action. I was invited by the family of my flatmates to Cuernavaca, which is the getaway for inhabitants of the big City. (btw, if New York City is the Big Apple, Mexico City must be something like the Big Papaya) I went out on the Saturday morning by bus and then spent quite a relaxed time in the house, which is quite a bit outside of the city center. We had a lovely meal and then they took me into the city center, where they, interestingly enough, put me on the tourist bus and I went around on that. Pity really, because the main square had some really interesting and fun dancing and singing going on, surrounded by people selling handcrafts and other oddities. So the bus ride was quite amusing, lots of historically interesting information that I forget while the guide is finishing the sentence. Cuernavaca is a nice city and the bus also took us on a walk through some park/ravine, which was also umm†¦ nice. Then in the evening I met the family to have supper at a very good Italian restaurant before we headed back to their house, where I fell right to sleep (tired from the party, obviously). Sunday just meant a long sleep, another nice meal and then the return journey back to the city. So I got a look at what Cuernavaca was like, which was enjoyable. Next time, I’ll just go by myself to see more of the place instead of seeing it wizzing by from the Touribus.

Appendicitis

In the position of the appendix, age of the patient, and degree of inflammation make the clinical presentation of appendicitis notoriously inconsistent. Statistics report that 1 of 5 cases of appendicitis is misdiagnosed; however, a normal appendix is found In 15-40% of patients who have an emergency appendectomy. Niwa et al reported an Interesting case of a young woman with recurrent pain In who was referred for appendicitis, treated with antibiotics, and was found to have an ppendiceal diverticulitis associated with a rare pelvic pseudocyst at laparotomy after 12 months. 15] Her condition was probably due to diverticular perforation of the pseudocyst_ Symptoms The classic history of anorexia and perlumblllcal pain followed by nausea, right lower quadrant (RLQ) pain, and vomiting occurs in only 50% of cases. Nausea is present in 61-92% of patients; anorexia is present in 74-78% of patients. Neither finding is statistically different from findings in patients who present to the emerg ency epartment with other etiologies of abdominal pain. In addition, when vomiting occurs, it nearly always follows the onset of pain.Vomiting that precedes pain Is suggestive of Intestinal obstruction, and the diagnosis of appendicitis should be reconsidered. Diarrhea or constipation Is noted In as many as of patients and should not be used to discard the possibility of appendicitis. The most common symptom of appendicitis is abdominal pain. Typically, symptoms begin as periumbilical or epigastric pain migrating to the right lower quadrant (RLQ) f the abdomen. This pain migration is the most discriminating feature of the patient's history, with a sensitivity and specificity of approximately 80%, a positive Ilkellhood ratio of 3. 8, and a negative likelihood ratio of 0. 5. [3] Patients usually Ile down, flex their hips, and draw their knees up to reduce movements and to avoid worsening their pain. Later, a worsening progressive pain along with vomiting, nausea, and anorexia are desc ribed by the patient. usually. a fever is not present at this stage. The duration of symptoms Is less than 48 hours In approximately 80% of adults but tends to be longer In elderly persons and In those with perforation.Approximately 2% of patients report duration of pain in excess of 2 weeks. A history of similar pain is reported in as many as 23% of cases, but this history of similar pain, in and of itself, should not be used to rule out the possibility of appendicitis. In addition to recording the history of the abdominal pain, obtain a complete summary of the recent personal history surrounding gastroenterologic, genitourinary, nd pneumologlc conditions, as well as consider gynecologic history In female patients.An inflamed appendix near the urinary bladder or ureter can cause Irrltatlve v0101ng symptoms ana nematurla or pyurla. cystltls In male patlents Is rare in the absence of instrumentation. Consider the possibility of an inflamed pelvic appendix in male patients with appare nt cystitis. Also consider the possibility of appendicitis in pediatric or adult patients who present with acute urinary retention.

Dialectical Tensions Is The Opposing Forces Of Which A...

Dialectical tensions are essentially the opposing forces of which a relationship works. Every relationship you are involved in should have tension and issues, it’s natural. I have many personal relationships where dialectical tensions are present. By studying interpersonal relationships and the different dialectical tensions, I have realized that I apply the different tensions on a daily basis without even knowing. By growing up with divorced parents, who do not particularly get along, I have had to compromise and really think about what I am going to say before I say it. Hearing low-blows about one parent made by the other parent really takes a toll on how you perceive the other person. I have lived a very blessed life and have wonderful parents, but in every relationship there are issues. My relationship with each parent allows me to use many strategies for handling dialectical tensions, but I specifically use a wider variety in my relationship with my father. An article by Donald K. Macrae states, â€Å"Divorce disrupts one s identity, economic and emotional dependency and disturbs primary relationships with family of origin, children, friends and colleagues† (Macrae1). I personally relate to this quote and it also directly relates to dialectical tensions. One of the main issues in my relationship with my dad is dependency. We struggle with autonomy versus connectedness, which is the dialectical tension resulting from the stimulus needed for independence and togethernessShow MoreRelatedThe Relational Dialectics Theory And The Genderlect Styles Theory1429 Words   |  6 Pagesthese forms of communication affect our relationships and vary between men and women. Numerous communication theories have been established regarding relationships and gender, but I will discuss two specific theories, the Relational Dialectics Theory and the Genderlect Styles Theory. 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Marks And Spencers Organizational Structure Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1110 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? INTRODUCTION Every organization has some goals to achieve and these goals can be achieved only by combined efforts of various resources, this includes division of work and grouping of numerous activities performed in an organization, according to the required need and specialization. And to attain these goals it is important for an organization to have a proper organizational structure. In order to achieve maximum performance organizational structure has to be appropriate and matched with the rate of change in the environment. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Marks And Spencers Organizational Structure Business Essay" essay for you Create order (Burns and Stalker, 1961)Size of organizational structure depends on the size of the business small organizations have small structure and as it grows becomes mega structure. Structural development are of two types vertical and horizontal, line of authority and reporting channel comes under vertical structure while the horizontal structure is about the division of work and specialization. Tiers of organizational structure are indicative of power structure, positions and its inter-se relationship, roles, channels of reporting, delegation and accountability. For the effective organizational structure it must be reviewed time to time and modified particularly for the current state where the cut cost is the most important order for an organization to be competitive (Kondalkar, 2006). Organizational structure is defined as the establishment of authority relationships with provision for coordination between them, both vertically and horizontally in the enterprise structure (Koontz, 1994 ). Indicators of good organizational structure The structure must have formal reporting hierarchy from lowest to the highest level. Identical activities should be grouped in one department so that equipment, machines, processes and expertise should come under one departmental head and with other department formal reporting can be used. Coordination of various activities and coordinating authority must be specified. All departmental goals must be specified with the time frame. Superiority between the departmental heads is mostly the point of organizational conflict proper monitoring is essential for this. Standing orders, polices, procedures, drills and regulation should exit in an organization. These are obligatory to be placed in detail, duties of each and every job reduces operating problems (Kondalkar, 2006). Organizational structure of Marks Spencer MS follows a flat organizational structure; this type of organizational structure has limited levels of management between administrative level and front-line employees. This structure is followed in organization to encourage employees in more decision making process. This structure is followed basically to decrease bureaucracy and make employees more skilled by authorizing them to make decisions. And due to less management levels communication between upper managers and base line employees become easy which allows rapid change and problem solution (Strinfellow, 2010). Flat organizational structure has pyramid shape, but unlike traditional one its broader and flatter this is because there are fewer levels of management between top and bottom of pyramid it also may have different departments with head and manager leading each unit with the executive management at top of pyramid. C:UsersHASHAMDesktopCapture 2.JPG Source : The Times 100 Marks Spencer have a flat organizational structure as a result of reducing the layer of authority through delayering which increased the individual responsibility of employees and their departments. Due to this employees have to take quick decisions from time to time with the preparation to explain and justify their decisions and this increases there accountability without increasing the organizations expenditure (Appendix A). There are around 3000 people employed at Marks Spencer Head Office in London. All these employees are specialist of their own field and work for organization on their given task these people are involved in managing stocks and their layout within stores and working in marketing, managing and accounts. Around 65,000 people work in MS stores, many in management roles, lead and motivate their team and people. MS also got franchises outlets overseas. (MS, 2010) This new flatter structure increased the demand for more training so as to come over it MS star ted developing staff within the organization. It also recruits managers from outside the organization at three different levels: Trainee managers passed A level will have 24 months training Pick graduates from university and gives 12 months training Experienced managers from other operations have trained for 3 months. Each of these managers is supposed to have important managerial skills like working in team, leadership, financial skilled etc.(The Times 100). Significance and benefit of flatter organizational structure In large organizations, traditional organizational structure is basically used but due to many levels of management between top-level and baseline staff, decision making have to go through these process, leaving front-line staffs to answer the delay to customers which decrease productivity. While the flat organizational structure has less middle management, allows the whole organization work with ease and less resistance. This increase the productivity of organization as well as using a flat structure can decrease the budget by cutting the middles men cost and decrease the communication barriers (Borkar, 2010). Organization that analyse function of middle managers can allocate necessary tasks to other members by giving lower level staffs more responsibility or assigning some duties to upper management. Beside these there are lots of activities which are actually a burden on organization can be eliminated by eliminating middle managers (Strinfellow, 2010). Conclusion A flat organizational structure is good for small organizations, because in there it is possible to decentralize some decision-making while corporate integrity is maintained, though it is hard for a big business organization because it can result in loss of control of upper manager in the functioning of business. Flat organizational structure can be used by large companies only by setting up in different divisions but corporate control and final decision at executive level is important at the end. MS followed the flat organizational structure so as to cut the overall cost of organization and speed up the working. They achieve this but still there are some block holes like increase in bosses makes lower level to report 2 or 3 different bosses this can create confusion and communication problem. Overall MS followed a good organizational structure but because it is vast organization so they have to make and follow more suitable organizational structure for better future of company. Reference Borkar, R. (2010) Flat Organizational Structure. Burns, T. and Stalker, G. M. (1961) The Management of Innovation. Accessible from: https://www.buzzle.com/articles/flat-organizational-structure.html Kondalkar, V.G. (2006) Organizational Behaviour, New Age International Edition. Koontz. H (1994) Management, Mc Graw Hills International Edition. MS (2007) Organisational structure and careers. Accessible from: www.thetimes100.co.uk MS (2010) Student Information. Accessible from: https://corporate.marksandspencer.com/aboutus/student_info MS (2010) The Official Board. Accessible from: https://www.theofficialboard.com/org-chart/marks-and-spencer-group Strinfellow, A. (2010) About Flat Organization Structure. Accessible from: https://www.ehow.com/about_5087590_flat-organization-structure.html

The Techniques of Advertising Essay - 1427 Words

The Techniques of Advertising Advertisings are created to make us buy things. All the companies want to sell their products, because they want to make profit. When a company knows that a product that it manufactures is not very good they do not share that with their customers. On the contrary, they make a very impressive advertising for the product, because all they want is to sell it. Everyone knows that advertising a product is not really done because the product is just wonderful and everyone should know about it. Companies sure do care about their customers and they want these customers to come back and buy more. They care about that because they want to make profit, not because they want their customers’ hair to be dandruff free,†¦show more content†¦They say:† better ingredients, better pizza, papa John’s.† First of all I don’t understand what they meant by saying â€Å"better†. Better than what? I assume that it is better than the pizza that I eat now. How d o they know it is better? Different people like different types of pizza; some people even like it when it is homemade. I love the pizza that my grandmother prepares more than any other type of pizza I have ever tasted. She has a little garden outside her house and she plants peppers and some tomatoes there. No one can ever convince me that they have â€Å"better ingredients† and â€Å"better pizza† than my grandmother’s. In this case again if we do not pay attention to all these facts and one day we feel the most severe hunger, the line pops up in our head â€Å"Better ingredients, better pizza, Papa John’s†. We put our shoes on and run to the nearest Papa John’s restaurant because the company’s advertisers have made us believe that they sell the best pizza. Another technique that advertisers use is the presence of role models. You see a person like Lebron James advertising the soft drink Sprite. You may start thinking that since he is such a good basketball player and he drinks Sprite then if you start drinking it may be you will look like him at least a little. You look at Halle Berry advertising Revlon make-up. She says to you:† Only Revlon makes it, only you make it unforgettable.† Even if Revlon makes the exactShow MoreRelatedThe Techniques of Advertising Essay458 Words   |  2 PagesThe Techniques of Advertising Advertising There are obviously a lot of techniques used for adverting such as getting the attention of the reader or viewer. Advertising has been used for decades; however different techniques are slowly being introduced. As example of this would be that in the 60s, companies had a low budget to advertise, whereas now a days they have multi-million pound budgets to advertise their product. 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They will use inspiring words that are very vague that the consumer would not really understand what the product would really do to benefit them but would be inspired to buy it anyways. 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Communication in Organization for Tasty Bites - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCommunication in Organization for Tasty Bites. Answer: Introduction The report takes into consideration the importance of communication in a business and the different aspects that become significant in the effective operational activities of an organization. Proper communication between the employees in an organization is a pillar of success as it helps to motivate them in achieving the goals. Recruitment and selection, sales and marketing and customer relationship management are the different departments which any organization should focus for improvement. About Company and Interviewee Tasty Bites is a renowned restaurant chain located in America with an Indian touch and flavor. The restaurant has a wonderful history. A small group of school friends went for a get-together one day and took a decision after making a detailed discussion that they would like to set up a business. Every one of them was having some sort of experience of working in Indian restaurants after they left their school. This gave them added motivation to go for the venture. They opened the restaurant in a place where there were no Indian restaurants and lot of Indians was living there. The demand of Indian food was on a high demand there at that time. They set a goal to serve best quality food along with excellent customer service. They wanted to create loyal customers who would be their pillars of success. Selena Fernandez is presently the manager of Tasty Bites. She looked after many operational activities. Selena has been with the restaurant chain for about 5 years. She had always been there when the restaurant has been in any form of tumultuous condition or struggling financially. She looks after the business performance of the restaurant, make analysis of any plans being taken and also the sales level of the restaurant chain. She also has the responsibility to check the profitability, make reports for editing and the budget and even the operations of the restaurant. Selena also looks after the employees, provide training to them and motivate them for better performance. Methods of Conducting Research Tasty Bites has become a renowned name in the restaurant chain industry under the managerial leadership of Selena Fernandez. I have selected her for an interview as she is successfully managing an Indian restaurant without being an Indian and got appreciation from the Indians living there, both for the quality of food as well as the customer service. Under her leadership, the restaurant has made huge revenue. Among the contemporary women managers, her performance was remarkably well and this had been my first and foremost reason to take her interview. I have persuaded her by intimating the fact that she has become very popular and many people all over the world, especially the business persons want to know her roles and responsibilities and how she manages all the managerial functions all by herself. She was also being informed that this interview of her will be available on YouTube and will be telecasted on television. I had conducted a face-to-face interview with her so that I would be able to ask her questions in details. Cognitive Dissonance Theory of Persuasion Cognitive dissonance is defined a situation where a person is having conflicting attitudes, behaviors and beliefs (Petty, Ostrom and Brock 2014). He becomes perplexed about which one to choose among two things. This theory states that the minds of human beings have a tendency to avoid these clashes through various ways and get harmony. This theory also suggests that in order to persuade people to do something, an external source has enough effect to change the mind of a person or force him to do something. In the same way, Selena Fernandez is persuaded by the information that her interview would be shown publicly and people were very eager to know about her role and responsibilities in Tasty Bites. Theory on Intercultural Communication Intercultural communication helps to study the communication across various cultures and groups of the society (Samovar et al. 2014). It is also called cross-cultural communication. It gives emphasis on patterns of thinking, social attributes and cultures of different people (Fiske and Taylor 2013). It helps to know the different languages, cultures and customs of people from different countries. Personal Analysis Face-to-face communication has many advantages which I felt while conducting the interview with the manager of the restaurant. It is a synchronized form of communication that gives a lot of information about his or her body language to the interviewer (Liu et al. 2016). There is very less time delay in case of face-to-face interview as the chance of getting the answers is very fast (Brinkmann 2014). When a person is able to see another person in front of him or her, he will be much more flexible in answering the questions thrown to him (Wagner and Compton 2015). Other forms of communication may have some problems. There is no chance of distortion in case of face to-face interview which is present in digital medium like email or talking over phone (Guirdham 2014). I have analyzed that my persuasion style for the manager had close links with the cognitive dissonance theory. According to this theory, an external source compels a person to do against his or her will (Sparks, Perkins and Buckley 2013). A person, in a state of bewilderment of making a choice between two or more things is termed as cognitive dissonance (Webb 2016). The manager was also persuaded by the information that she will be telecasted in the television and people all over the world will be able to see her. She will become even more popular. This prompted her to attend the interview and interact in details. Conclusions It has been inferred from the report that there are various factors which are responsible for the success of an organization. The various aspects like managerial decision making, recruitment and selection, inter-cultural communication, sales and marketing and assessing the budgets are taken into account for the proper functioning of an organization. A manager of a company has been interviewed and a detailed discussion has been made about the history of the company. The way of selection of the interviewee, the method of conducting the research, the ways to persuade the interviewee and the technique of interview has been mentioned. A theory on persuasion and intercultural communication have been taken into consideration and analyzed. Recommendations I have stated some suggestions as to how the company of the interviewee can improve its performance in all its activities. As far as I have analyzed, the company Tasty Bites have some good things for its business. It is still lacking in some areas where it needs immediate improvements for better business performance. I would recommend the company to look after the staffing, training and recruitment of the employees so that competent and qualified people can be hired for various positions of the organization (Sanghi 2016). The objectives of the company need to be properly communicated so that the new employees will be able to understand. The restaurant must be kept neat and clean for hygienic purposes. The sales and marketing department needs to be more active for the attraction of more customers by the utilization of comprehensive marketing tools (Johnston and Marshall 2016). Customer relationship management is another area where the manager of the restaurant needs to take care of (P eppers and Rogers 2016). References Brinkmann, S., 2014. Interview. In Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology (pp. 1008-1010). Springer New York. Fiske, S.T. and Taylor, S.E., 2013. Social cognition: From brains to culture. Sage. Guirdham, M., 2014. Work Communication: Mediated and Face-to-face Practices. Palgrave Macmillan. Johnston, M.W. and Marshall, G.W., 2016. Sales force management: Leadership, innovation, technology. Routledge. Liu, N., Mok, C., Witt, E.E., Pradhan, A.H., Chen, J.E. and Reiss, A.L., 2016. NIRS-based hyperscanning reveals inter-brain neural synchronization during cooperative Jenga game with face-to-face communication. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 10. Peppers, D. and Rogers, M., 2016. Managing Customer Experience and Relationships: A Strategic Framework. John Wiley Sons. Petty, R., Ostrom, T.M. and Brock, T.C., 2014. Cognitive responses in persuasion. Psychology Press. Samovar, L.A., Porter, R.E., McDaniel, E.R. and Roy, C.S., 2014. Intercultural communication: A reader. Cengage Learning. Sanghi, S., 2016. The handbook of competency mapping: understanding, designing and implementing competency models in organizations. SAGE Publications India. Sparks, B.A., Perkins, H.E. and Buckley, R., 2013. Online travel reviews as persuasive communication: The effects of content type, source, and certification logos on consumer behavior. Tourism Management, 39, pp.1-9. Wagner, T. and Compton, R.A., 2015. Creating innovators: The making of young people who will change the world. Simon and Schuster. Webb, R., 2016. Ekphrasis, imagination and persuasion in ancient rhetorical theory and practice. Routledge.